STUDY QUESTIONS

CALIFORNIA:  AN INTERPRETIVE HISTORY (8th Ed.)

CHAPTER 2  -  THE ORIGINAL CALIFORNIANS

  1. What is the anthropological theory for the aboriginal settlement of California?
  2. California Indians represented a survival of the "Stone Age."  Why?
  3. Why do we see charges of racial inferiority and Indian backwardness made by white settlers?
  4. Why is the dichotomy of categorizing Native Americans in California as either "hunter-gatherers" or "agriculturalists" problematic for contemporary scholars?
  5. What was the most important food staple that California Indians relied on, and how and what was it processed into?
  6. Why was pottery making hardly necessary outside of the Southern region of California?
  7. How were tasks separated by gender within Indian communities?
  8. Why were Native Americans called "Diggers?"  Why is this a misnomer?
  9. How many Indians were there estimated to be in the present boundaries of the state in 1769?
  10. How was the sweathouse a distinctive institution?  Was it segregated by gender?
  11. What factors determined the location of Indian communities and the number of people in those communities?  Were different tribes in contact with each other?
  12. What can we learn from the diversity of languages spoken by the Native American population in the state?
  13. What type of political organization did California Indians have?
  14. What are the six major, geographically distinct culture areas of the state's Native American population?
  15. Was there much conflict between California tribes?
  16. What was the most important social institution for California Indians?
  17. What role did women play in Indian culture?
  18. How important was religion?
  19. What place did nature have in native American culture?
  20. Why do historians refer to the Indians of California as prehistoric?

Key Names, Terms, and Concepts

racism
Stone Age culture
hunters and gatherers
agriculturalists
"Digger" Indians
acorns
sweathouse
tule balsa
tribelets
headman
shaman
female elders
toloache
culture areas
world-renewal cult
prehistoric