I.  The First Generation

II.  The Japan They Left

A.  Modernization Under the Meiji Restoration
B.  Results of Westernization
        1. Push/Pull Factors for Immigration

III.  Early Japanese Immigration

A.  Students
B.  Dissidents
C.  Prostitutes

IV. Japanese Immigrant Laborers

A.  Labor-Contracting System
B.  Role of the Labor Contract Agent
C.  Union Organizing
        1. 1903 Oxnard Sugar Beet Strike
        2. Organized Labor’s Opposition
D.  The Push for Exclusion
        1. Anti-Japanese Movement
        2. Dealing with Japan
        3. 1907 Gentlemen’s Agreement
        4. 1913 California Alien Land Law

V. Permanent Settlement

A.  Developing an Economic and Social Stake in America
        1. Sojourner Mentality
B.  Ethnic Economy
C.  Picture Brides
        1. Family Settlement
        2. Arranging the Marriage
        3. Shock Upon Arrival
        4. Life in America
        5. Ending the Practice
D.  Social Organizations
        1. Creating Community
        2. Assimilation

VI.  Struggle Against Exclusion

A.  Racism and Economic Competition
B.  More Exclusion
C.  Total Defeat
D.  1924 Immigration Act

VII.  Conclusion:  Hopes for the Nisei